September 1

September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 121 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 462 – Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
• 1355 – King Tvrtko I of Bosnia writes In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from the old town of Visoki.
• 1532 – Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marchioness of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England.
• 1604 – Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, was first installed at Harmandir Sahib.
• 1644 – Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause.
• 1715 – King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years — the longest of any major European monarch.
• 1763 – Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow
• 1772 – The Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded in San Luis Obispo, California.
• 1804 – Juno, one of the largest main belt asteroids, is discovered by German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding.
• 1836 – Narcissa Whitman, one of the first English-speaking white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly – Confederate forces attack retreating Union troops in Chantilly, Virginia.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuates Atlanta, Georgia after a four-month siege by General Sherman.
• 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: the Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory.
• 1873 – Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande.
• 1875 – A murder conviction effectively forces the violent Pennsylvanian Irish anti-owner coal miners, the "Molly Maguires", to disband.
• 1878 – Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she was recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company.
• 1894 – More than 400 people die in the Great Hinckley Fire, a forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota.
• 1897 – The Boston subway opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit system in North America.
• 1902 – A Trip to the Moon, considered one of the first science fiction films, is released in France.
• 1905 – Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation.
• 1906 – The International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys is established.
• 1911 – The armored cruiser Georgios Averof is commissioned into the Greek Navy. It now serves as a museum ship.
• 1914 – St. Petersburg, Russia, changes its name to Petrograd.
• 1914 – The last passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo.
• 1920 – The Fountain of Time opens as a tribute to the 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain following the Treaty of Ghent.
• 1923 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people.
• 1928 – Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king.
• 1934 – SMJK Sam Tet is founded by Father Fourgs from the St. Michael Church, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
• 1939 – World War II: Nazi Germany invades Poland, beginning the war in Europe.
• 1939 – George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army.
• 1939 – The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross is also instituted on this date.
• 1939 – Switzerland mobilizes its forces and the Swiss Parliament elects Henri Guisan to head the Swiss Army (an event that can happen only during war or mobilization).
• 1951 – The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty.
• 1961 – The Eritrean War of Independence officially begins with the shooting of the Ethiopian police by Hamid Idris Awate.
• 1969 – A revolution in Libya brings Muammar al-Gaddafi to power, which is later transferred to the People's Committees.
• 1969 – Tran Thien Khiem became Prime Minister of South Vietnam under President Nguyen Van Thieu.
• 1970 – Attempted assassination of King Hussein of Jordan by Palestinian guerrillas, who attacked his motorcade.
• 1972 – In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky and becomes the world chess champion.
• 1974 – The SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of 1 hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds.
• 1979 – The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km.
• 1980 – Terry Fox's Marathon of Hope ends in Thunder Bay, Ontario.
• 1980 – Major General Chun Doo-hwan becomes president of South Korea, following the resignation of Choi Kyu-hah.
• 1981 – A coup d'état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko.
• 1982 – Canada adopts the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as part of its Constitution.
• 1982 – The United States Air Force Space Command is founded.
• 1983 – Cold War: Korean Air Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace. All 269 on board die, including Congressman Lawrence McDonald.
• 1985 – A joint American–French expedition locates the wreckage of the RMS Titanic.
• 1990 – The Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist is founded, following a split from the Communist Labour Party of Turkey.
• 1991 – Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union
• 2004 – Beslan school hostage crisis commences when armed terrorists take children and adults hostage in Beslan in North Ossetia, Russia.
• 2006 – Luxembourg becomes the first country to complete the move to all digital television broadcasting.

Births

• 1286 – Elisabeth Richeza of Poland, Queen of Poland (d. 1335)
• 1453 – Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, Spanish general (d. 1515)
• 1566 – Edward Alleyn, English actor (d. 1626)
• 1588 – Henry II, Prince of Condé, French nobleman (d. 1646)
• 1651 – Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina, Tsaritsa of Russia (d. 1694)
• 1653 – Johann Pachelbel, German composer (d. 1706)
• 1689 – Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer, Czech Baroque architect (d. 1751)
• 1711 – William IV, Prince of Orange (d. 1759)
• 1795 – James Gordon Bennett, Sr., American newspaper publisher (d. 1872)
• 1818 – José María Castro Madriz, first President of Costa Rica and founder of the republic (d. 1892)
• 1848 – Auguste-Henri Forel, Swiss entomologist (d. 1931)
• 1854 – Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (d. 1921)
• 1855 – Innokenty Annensky, Russian poet (d. 1909)
• 1856 – Sergei Winogradsky, Russian scientist (d. 1953)
• 1866 – James J. Corbett, American heavyweight boxer (d. 1933)
• 1868 – Henri Bourassa, French Canadian politician and publisher (d. 1952)
• 1871 – J. Reuben Clark, Jr., American Undersecretary of State (d. 1961)
• 1875 – Edgar Rice Burroughs, American writer (d. 1950)
• 1876 – Harriet Shaw Weaver, English political activist (d. 1961)
• 1877 – Francis William Aston, Nobel laureate (d. 1945)
• 1878 – Princess Alexandra of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1942)
• 1878 – J.F.C. Fuller, British Army officer and military theorist (d. 1966)
• 1883 – Didier Pitre, French Canadian ice-hockey player (d. 1934)
• 1884 – Sigurd Wallén, Swedish actor and filmdirector (d. 1947)
• 1886 – Othmar Schoeck, Swiss composer and conductor (d. 1957)
• 1887 – Blaise Cendrars, Swiss writer (d. 1961)
• 1888 – Andrija Štampar, Croatian physician (d. 1958)
• 1892 – Leverett Saltonstall, 55^th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1979)
• 1895 – Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar, Indian musician (d. 1974)
• 1895 – Engelbert Zaschka, German helicopter pioneer (d. 1955)
• 1896 – A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Founder-Acarya of ISKCON, the Hare Krishna Movement (d. 1977)
• 1897 – Andy Kennedy, Irish footballer (d. 1963)
• 1899 – Richard Arlen, American actor (d. 1976)
• 1904 – Johnny Mack Brown, American actor (d. 1974)
• 1905 – Elvera Sanchez, Puerto Rican dancer (d. 2000)
• 1906 – Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (d. 2002)
• 1906 – Franz Biebl, German composer (d. 2001)
• 1906 – Eleanor Burford Hibertt (Jean Plaidy, Victoria Holt, Philippa Carr...), English writer (d. 1993)
• 1907 – Walter Reuther, American labor union leader (d. 1970)
• 1907 – Miriam Seegar, American actress
• 1908 – Amir Elahi, Pakistani cricketer (d. 1980)
• 1909 – E. Herbert Norman, Canadian diplomat (d. 1957)
• 1913 – Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and graphic artist (d. 1979)
• 1913 – Christian Nyby, American director and film editor (d. 1993)
• 1916 – Dorothy Cheney, American tennis player
• 1919 – Ossie Dawson, South African cricketer (d. 2008)
• 1920 – Liz Carpenter, American feminist writer (d. 2010)
• 1920 – Richard Farnsworth, American actor (d. 2000)
• 1921 – Willem Frederik Hermans, Dutch writer (d. 1995)
• 1921 – Madhav Mantri, Indian cricketer
• 1922 – Yvonne De Carlo, Canadian-born actress (d. 2007)
• 1922 – Vittorio Gassman, Italian actor (d. 2000)
• 1923 – Rocky Marciano, American boxer (d. 1969)
• 1923 – Kenneth Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman (d. 2006)
• 1925 – Art Pepper, American musician (d. 1982)
• 1926 – Abdur Rahman Biswas, President of Bangladesh
• 1926 – Gene Colan, American comic book artist
• 1927 – Wyatt Cooper, American author and screenwriter (d. 1978)
• 1928 – Clifford Lincoln, Canadian politician
• 1928 – George Maharis, American actor
• 1929 – Anne Ramsey, American actress (d. 1988)
• 1931 – Boxcar Willie, American country musician (d. 1999)
• 1931 – Cecil Parkinson, British politician
• 1932 – Derog Gioura, Nauruan politician
• 1932 – Sunny von Buelow, American socialite (d. 2008)
• 1933 – Ann Richards, 45th Governor of Texas (d. 2006)
• 1933 – Conway Twitty, American singer (d. 1993)
• 1935 – Seiji Ozawa, Japanese conductor
• 1937 – Al Geiberger, American golfer
• 1937 – Ron O'Neal, American actor, film director and screenwriter (d. 2004)
• 1938 – Per Kirkeby, Danish artist
• 1939 – Lily Tomlin, American actress and comedian
• 1941 – Graeme Langlands, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1942 – C. J. Cherryh, American writer
• 1943 – Don Stroud, American actor
• 1944 – Leonard Slatkin, American conductor
• 1945 – Mustafa Balel, Turkish writer
• 1946 – Greg Errico, American drummer (Sly & the Family Stone)
• 1946 – Barry Gibb, English singer (Bee Gees)
• 1946 – Roh Moo-Hyun, President of South Korea (d. 2009)
• 1947 – Al Green, American politician
• 1948 – Józef Życiński, Polish archbishop and philosopher
• 1949 – P.A. Sangma, Indian politician
• 1950 – Phillip Fulmer, American football coach
• 1950 – Dr. Phil McGraw, American talk show host
• 1951 – Nicu Ceauşescu, Romanian politician (d. 1996)
• 1951 – David Bairstow, England cricketer (d. 1998)
• 1952 – Phil Hendrie, American radio personality
• 1953 – Beau Billingslea, American voice actor
• 1953 – Ted Petty, American professional wrestler (d. 2002)
• 1954 – Dave Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1955 – Billy Blanks, American martial artist
• 1955 – Bruce Foxton, English bassist (The Jam)
• 1956 – Vinnie Johnson, American basketball player
• 1956 – Philece Sampler, American voice artist
• 1956 – Bernie Wagenblast, American broadcaster and editor
• 1957 – Gloria Estefan, Cuban/American singer
• 1957 – Duško Ivanović, Montenegrin basketball coach
• 1958 – Armi Aavikko, Finnish singer (d. 2002)
• 1959 – Kenny Mayne, American sports journalist
• 1960 – Joseph Williams, American singer and film score composer
• 1961 – Bam Bam Bigelow, American professional wrestler (d. 2007)
• 1962 – Ruud Gullit, Dutch footballer
• 1962 – Tony Cascarino, Irish footballer
• 1963 – Stephen Kernahan, Australian rules footballer
• 1963 – Carola Smit, Dutch singer
• 1964 – Brian Bellows, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1964 – Ray D'Arcy, Irish DJ and TV presenter
• 1964 – Holly Golightly, American cartoonist
• 1964 – Cécilia Rhode, Swedish model
• 1965 – Ľudovít Kaník, Slovak politician
• 1966 – Tim Hardaway, American basketball player
• 1967 – David Whissell, Quebec politician
• 1968 – Mohamed Atta, Egyptian terrorist (d. 2001)
• 1969 – Henning Berg, Norwegian footballer
• 1970 – Hwang Jung-min, South Korean actor
• 1970 – Padma Lakshmi, Indian actress
• 1970 – Mitsou, Quebec singer, television and radio host, actress
• 1970 – Vanna, Croatian singer
• 1971 – Ricardo Antonio Chavira, American actor
• 1971 – Joe Enochs, American soccer player
• 1971 – Yoshitaka Hirota, Japanese composer
• 1971 – Lââm, French singer
• 1971 – Jimmy Snuka, Jr., American professional wrestler
• 1971 – Hakan Şükür, Turkish footballer
• 1972 – Doug Williams, British professional wrestler
• 1973 – Ram Kapoor, Indian actor
• 1973 – J. D. Fortune, Canadian singer (INXS)
• 1973 – Zach Thomas, American football player
• 1974 – Jason Taylor, American football player
• 1974 – Jhonen Vasquez, American comic book artist
• 1975 – Scott Speedman, English-born actor
• 1975 – Natalie Bassingthwaighte, Australian actress and singer
• 1975 – Omar Rodriguez-Lopez, Puerto Rican musician
• 1975 – Cuttino Mobley, American basketball player
• 1975 – R. Kan Albay, Flemish film director
• 1976 – Marcos Ambrose, Australian racing driver
• 1976 – Erik Morales, Mexican boxer
• 1976 – Jada Fire, American porn actress
• 1976 – Polly Shannon, Canadian actress
• 1976 – Sebastián Rozental, Chilean footballer
• 1976 – Clare Connor, England Woman cricketer
• 1977 – Aaron Schobel, American football player
• 1977 – Raffaele Giammaria, Italian racing driver
• 1977 – Shoshana Bean, American stage actress
• 1977 – Aamir Ali, Indian television actor
• 1977 – David Albelda, Spanish footballer
• 1977 – Arsalan Iftikhar, American attorney and Muslim advocate
• 1978 – Max Vieri, Australian soccer player
• 1978 – Lucie Blackman, English murder victim (d. 2000)
• 1979 – James O'Connor, Irish footballer
• 1979 – Andrew Muldoon, American Figure Skating Champion
• 1980 – Chris Riggott, English footballer
• 1980 – Sammy Adjei, Ghanaian footballer
• 1980 – Sean Stewart, American songwriter, musician, model and the son of Rod Stewart
• 1981 – Clinton Portis, American football player
• 1981 – Michael Adamthwaite, Canadian voice actor
• 1981 – Adam Quick, Australian basketball player
• 1981 – Matthew McGuire, Australian Rower
• 1982 – Ryan Gomes, American basketball player
• 1982 – Paul Dumbrell, Australian racing driver
• 1982 – Jeffrey Buttle, Canadian figure skater
• 1983 – José Antonio Reyes, Spanish footballer
• 1983 – Jeff Woywitka, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Joseph Trohman, American musician (Fall Out Boy)
• 1984 – Nick Noble, American footballer
• 1984 – Rod Pelley, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1985 – Camile Velasco, Filipino-American singer
• 1985 – Larsen Jensen, American swimmer
• 1986 – Gaël Monfils, French tennis player
• 1986 – Anthony Allen, English rugby union player
• 1987 – Dann Hume, New Zealand musician (Evermore)
• 1988 – Gabriel Ferrari, American footballer
• 1988 – Mushfiqur Rahim, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1989 – Bill Kaulitz, German singer (Tokio Hotel)
• 1989 – Daniel Sturridge, English footballer
• 1993 – Ilona Mitrecey, French singer
• 1994 – Bianca Ryan, American singer

Deaths

• 1067 – Baldwin V of Flanders
• 1159 – Pope Adrian IV (b. 1100)
• 1256 – Kujo Yoritsune, Japanese shogun (b. 1218)
• 1414 – William de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros, Lord Treasurer of England (b. 1369)
• 1557 – Jacques Cartier, French explorer (b. 1491)
• 1581 – Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh Guru (b. 1534)
• 1600 – Tadeáš Hájek, Czech physician (b. 1525)
• 1615 – Étienne Pasquier, French lawyer (b. 1529)
• 1648 – Marin Mersenne, French mathematician (b. 1588)
• 1685 – Leoline Jenkins, Welsh lawyer (b. 1625)
• 1687 – Henry More, English philosopher (b. 1614)
• 1715 – François Girardon, French sculptor (b. 1628)
• 1715 – King Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)
• 1818 – Robert Calder, British naval officer (b. 1745)
• 1930 – Peeter Põld, Estonian pedagogic scientist and politician (b. 1878)
• 1838 – William Clark, American explorer, part of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (b. 1770)
• 1943 – Charles Atangana, Cameroonian chief (b. 1880)
• 1947 – Frederick Russell Burnham, father of the international Scouting movement (b. 1861)
• 1953 – Bernard O'Dowd, Australian poet (b. 1866)
• 1957 – Dennis Brain, English musician (b. 1921)
• 1967 – Siegfried Sassoon, English poet (b. 1886)
• 1967 – Ilse Koch, Nazi war criminal (b. 1906)
• 1969 – Drew Pearson, American newspaper columnist (b. 1897)
• 1970 – François Mauriac, French writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1885)
• 1977 – Ethel Waters, American singer (b. 1896)
• 1981 – Albert Speer, Nazi official (b. 1905)
• 1981 – Ann Harding, American actress (b. 1901)
• 1982 – Haskell Curry, American mathematician (b. 1900)
• 1982 – Wladyslaw Gomulka, Polish communist leader (b. 1905)
• 1983 – Henry M. Jackson, American politician (b. 1912)
• 1983 – Larry McDonald, American congressman (b. 1935)
• 1985 – Stefan Bellof, German race car driver (b. 1957)
• 1986 – Murray Hamilton, American actor (b. 1923)
• 1988 – Luis Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1911)
• 1989 – A. Bartlett Giamatti, American baseball commissioner (b. 1938)
• 1989 – Tadeusz Sendzimir, Polish inventor (b. 1894)
• 1990 – Seub Nakhasathien, Thai conservationist (b. 1949)
• 1991 – Otl Aicher, German graphic designer (b. 1922)
• 1994 – Boris Malenko, American professional wrestler (b. 1933)
• 1998 – Józef Krupiński, Polish poet (b. 1930)
• 1998 – Cary Middlecoff, American golfer (b. 1921)
• 1999 – W. Richard Stevens, Zambian computer scientist (b. 1951)
• 2001 – Brian Moore British sports commentator (b. 1932)
• 2003 – Sir Terry Frost, British artist (b. 1915)
• 2004 – Ahmed Kuftaro, Grand Mufti of Syria (b. 1915)
• 2005 – R. L. Burnside, American musician (b. 1926)
• 2005 – Thanos Leivaditis, Greek actor (b. 1934)
• 2006 – Kyffin Williams, Welsh landscape painter (b. 1918)
• 2006 – Bob O'Connor, mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (b. 1944)
• 2006 – Nellie Connally, wife of Texas governor John Connally (b. 1919)
• 2006 – Warren Mitofsky, American pollster (b. 1934)
• 2007 – Roy McKenzie, New Zealand philanthropist (b. 1922)
• 2008 – Don LaFontaine, American voice actor (b. 1940)
• 2008 – Jerry Reed, American musician and actor (b. 1937)
• 2008 – Oded Schramm, Israeli-American mathematician (b. 1961)
• 2009 – Jang Jin-young, South Korean actress (b. 1974)
• 2010 – Wakanohana Kanji I, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 45^th Yokozuna (b. 1928)

Holidays and observances

• Knowledge Day (Russia)
• Disaster Prevention Day (Japan)
• Teachers' Day (Singapore)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Uzbekistan from the Soviet Union in 1991.
• Constitution Day (Slovakia)
• Revolution Day (Libya)
• Earliest date on which Labor Day can fall, while September 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday in September. (United States)
• In South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, spring begins on 1 September, and has no relation to the vernal equinox.

• Christian Feast Day:
  • The beginning of the new liturgical year (Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Church)
  • Giles

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada